Chapter 1 cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death 5 if the limits of adaptive response to a stimulus are exceeded, or in certain instances when the cell is exposed to an injurious agent or stress. Cell injury, cell death and adaptations by daniyal. Cell injury, adaptation, death at dalhousie university. Causes of cell injury oxygen deprivation anoxia physical agents chemical agents infections agents immunologic reactions genetic defects nutritional imbalances. Define and understand the morphologic patterns of lethal cell injury and the clinical settings in which they occur. In fact, signs of apoptosis are observed in both neurons and glial cells in the brains of patients with alzheimers disease. Cell adaptation, injury, and death necrosis apoptosis.
Show full abstract neurons, extensive oxidative stress seems to cause apoptotic cell death in glial cells. Not a decrease in cell number caused be decreased workload, loss of innvervation, reduced blood supply, inadequate. The causes of reversible and irreversible cell injury resulting in cell death, cell adaptation and degeneration, and finally cellular accumulations. Cell injury is any disruption, physical or chemical, that results in the loss of a cells or tissues ability to maintain homeostasis, in either a normal or adapted state. Growth adaptations, cell injury, cell death youtube. Cellular adaptations, cell injury and cell death msp. After partial hepatectomy, the remaining cells proliferate to replace the lost tissue.
Normal cell is in a steady statehomeostasis change in homeostasis due to stimuli injury injury reversible. View essay cell injury, cell death and adaptation from health sci biom 243 at qatar university. Cell injury, cell death,and adaptations 215 atrophy. Study 28 cell injury, adaptation, death flashcards from tom d. The main mechanism of cell injury involves the formation of free radicals and examples include carbon tetrachloride ccl 4once widely used in the dry cleaning industry but now bannedand the analgesic. Chu, md, phd associate professor of pathology university of pittsburgh school of medicine summer academy 2010 molecular mechanisms of human. An increase in cell number not size can be physiological or pathological caused during wound healing, hormone stimulation, growth factor stimulation 3 atrophy cell shrinkage in size via the loss of cell substance. Cell injury occurs when the limits to an adaptive response adaptation have been exceeded or if the cells are not able to. Mar 19, 2020 a pathologist notes that a biopsy from the lung of living patients shows the morphologic changes indicative of irreversible injury and cell death. Discriminate cell adaptation, reversible cell injury and irreversible cell injury cell death based on etiology, pathogenesis and histological and ultrastructural appearance. Slowly developing ischemia ex renal artery atherosclerosis results in injury. Cellular swelling is the result of failure of energydependent ion pumps in the plasma membrane, leading to an inability to maintain ionic and fluid homeostasis. Cell injury, adaptation and death mit opencourseware.
Egyptian medical texts described infectious diseases tetanus is an often quoted example. Causes include reduced blood flow ischemia, inadequate oxygenation of the. Cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death monday feb 7. In general, permanent organ injury is associated with the death of individual cells.
Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations new age medical. Cellular adaptations, cell injury and cell death msp 1e. Normal cell is in a steady statehomeostasis change in homeostasis due to stimuli injury injury reversible irreversible adaptation cell death 3. The cellular response to injury varies and depends upon type of cell and tissue invovled extent of injury type of injury. Request pdf singlecell protein analysis heterogeneity of cellular systems has. People have been pathologists observing the effects of disease since the dawn of recorded history, likely before. To define and describe in general terms physiological adaptations, reversible and irreversible injury and cell death. Pathology cell injury, cell death, and adaptations. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Types of necrosis and apoptosis definition, caspase programmed cell death bleb fas ligand fat duration. Reversible cell injury retrogressive changes older term. Cell injury and adaptation very nice presentation ppt if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. Cellular adaptation to injury cellular adaptations can be induced andor regulated at any of a number of regulatory steps including receptor binding, signal transduction, gene transcription or protein synthesis the most common morphologically apparent adaptive changes are atrophy decrease in cell size hypertrophy increase in cell size. May be regulated or induced by withdrawal of growth factors b.
Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your. Cell injury is reversible up to a certain point if the stimulus persists or is. Terms etiology pathogenesis morphologic changes functional derangements and clinical manifestations. Cell injury it is change in cells morphology and function in response to stress.
When the adaptive potential of the cells is exceeded or inexistent, cells and tissues will be damaged, producing cell injury and in the. An increase in cell number not size can be physiological or pathological caused during wound healing, hormone stimulation, growth factor stimulation 3 atrophy cell shrinkage in size via the loss. Within certain limits injury is reversible, and cells return to a stable baseline. Primary brain cells in in vitro controlled microenvironments. When the adaptive potential of the cells is exceeded or inexistent, cells and tissues will be damaged, producing cell injury and in the end, cell death. Cell adaptation, cell injury and cell death flashcards from onecia hannibals class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. Which of the following is most likely responsible for cell death in a living body.
Cell injury persistent stress often leads to chronic cell injury. Adaptation and reversible injury patterns of tissue necrosis. Cell injury and adaptation very nice presentation ppt. Pathology cell injury, cell death, and adaptations study guide by emilywknott includes 105 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Hypoxia ischaemia metabolic toxins infective and target cell membranes mitochondria cytoskeleton cellular dna can be sublethal or lethal. Adaptation and reversible injury patterns of tissue. See targeted therapy available online at c h a p t e r cell injury, cell death. The causes of cell injury, reversible or irreversible, may be broadly classified into two large groups. Cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death author. Cell injury it is change in cell s morphology and function in response to stress. Within certain limits, injury is reversible, and cells return to a stable baseline.
Cell response to injury is not an allornothing phenomenon. Cellular adaptations, cell injury and cell death video. These alterations may be divided into the following stages. In this video the author presents lecture on cellular adaptations, cell injury and cell death. An interest in the effects of disease and trauma is nothing new. You are asked to participate in a research project on myocardial infarctions in a rat model. Chu, md, phd associate professor of pathology university of pittsburgh school of medicine summer academy 2010. Cell injury, adaptation, and death fix linkedin slideshare. Chapter 1 cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death 5 if the limits of adaptive response to a stimulus are exceeded, or in certain instances when the cell is exposed to an injurious agent or stress, a sequence of events follows that is loosely termed cell injury. In the following quiz on cells, well be looking at how all of this can occur and what the processes are behind it.
Cell injury, cell death and adaptation see targeted therapy. If the adaptive capability is exceeded or if the external stress is inherently harmful, cell. Singlecell protein analysis request pdf researchgate. If the adaptive capability is exceeded or if the external stress is inherently harmful, cell injury develops fig. Cell injury and disease mild cell injury intracellular accumulations adaptations of cell growth and differentiation severe cell injury and cell death after studying this chapter you should be able to. Offer a brief description of the basic organization of a cell and of the organization of tissues, organs, and organ systems 2. Cell damage also known as cell injury is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. The stronger and the longer the stimulus, the larger the damage response to a given stimulus depends on the type, status, and genetic makeup of. Cell injury occurs when the limits to an adaptive response adaptation have been exceeded or if the cells are not able to adapt. In essence, cells or tissues respond to injury or stress in three important ways.
Pathologic adaptation helps cells to modulate their environment to escape injury. Cell injury results when cells are stressed and can no longer adapt. Cell injury, cell death and adaptations by daniyal naeem on prezi. Cellular adaptation to stress adaptations are reversible changes in the number, size, phenotype, metabolic activity or functions of cells in response to changes in their environment physiologic adaptations are responses of cells to normal stimulation by hormones or endogenous chemical mediators pathologic adaptations are responses. Cell injury, adaptation, and necrosis apoptosis and.
Jul 02, 2012 cell injury, adaptation, and death fix 1. Cell death is primarily recognized by changes in the nucleus. Cell injury may be sublethal and result in a variety of types of cell degenerations or accumulations andor adaptations by the cell to the injury. Within certain limits of injury is reversible, cell swelling, fatty change, abnormal intracellular depositions and calcification may occur. Cell injury may be sublethal and result in a variety of types of cell degenerations or accumulations and or adaptations by the cell to the injury. Injury inherently injurious harmful, cell mild, injury develops fig.
By contrast, the cellular response to persistent sublethal injury. Extremely important common cause of cell injury cell death. Cellular adaptations, injury, and death veterian key. Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations new age medical clinic. Growth adaptations, cellular injury, and cell death flashcards. The pattern of cell death that is characterized by the conversion of a single cell to an acidophilic body, usually with loss of the nucleus. Contrast ischemia in skeletal muscle tolerates 2 hours versus cardiac muscle tolerate 20. When the limits of adaptive responses are exceeded cell injury occurs, initially reversibl, then irreversible leading to cell death. The main mechanism of cell injury involves the formation of free radicals and examples include carbon tetrachloride ccl 4once widely used in the dry cleaning industry but now banned and the analgesic acetaminophen ccl 4 is converted to the toxic free radical principally in the liver, and this free radical is the cause of cell injury. Injury may progress through a reversible stage and culminate in cellular death.
When cells adapt to injury, their adaptive changes can be atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or metaplasia. Cell injury and cell death hide irreversible cell injury definition. Cell injury, cell death and adaptation see targeted. Cell injury, cell death,and adaptations 215 free download as powerpoint presentation. There are two types of cell death necrosis and apoptosiswhich differ in their mechanisms, morphology, and roles in disease and physiology causes of cell injury. Cell injury is defined as a variety of stresses a cell encounters as a result of changes in its internal and external environment. Hypoxia ischaemia metabolic toxins infective and target cell membranes mitochondria cytoskeleton cellular dna.
Oxygen deprivation reason hypoxia ischemia loss of blood supply in a tissue due to impeded arterial flow or reduced venous drainage inadequate oxygenation of blood pnemonia reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of blood blood loss anaemia or co. First, in order to preserve the viability of the cell, adaptive changes appear. The cellular adaptation depicted here is hyper trophy, the. Unlimited access to the largest elibrary of professional videos, images, documents, courses. Cell death is irreversible and may occur by two different processes termed necrosis and apoptosis.
In essence, cells or tissues respond to injury or stress in three. Oxygen deprivation reason hypoxia ischemia loss of blood supply in a tissue due to impeded arterial flow or reduced venous drainage inadequate oxygenation of blood. Cell injury and disease mild cell injury intracellular accumulations adaptations of cell growth and differentiation severe cell injury and cell death after studying this chapter you. Aug 24, 2014 types of necrosis and apoptosis definition, caspase programmed cell death bleb fas ligand fat duration. Cell injury if the cells fail to adapt under stress, they undergo certain changes called cell injury. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell injury is reversible up to a certain point if the stimulus persists or is severe enough from the beginning, the cell reaches a point of no return and suffers irreversible cell injury and ultimately cell death. The stronger and the longer the stimulus, the larger the damage response to a given stimulus depends on the type, status, and genetic makeup of the injured cell. Nov 06, 2015 cell injury cell injury and cell death 1. Although glial cells are more resistant to oxidative stress than. Cell injury results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt or when cells are exposed to inherently damaging agents. By contrast, the cellular response to persistent sublethal injury, whether chemical or physical, reflects adaptation of the cell to a hostile environment. Is usually caused by exposure to severe pathological injury e. When cells are injured, one of two patterns will generally result.
1143 500 35 1000 298 1296 1005 545 12 389 723 542 419 568 1466 1071 346 570 85 1208 1256 472 995 314 1082 1005 69 1219 1119 1334 1450 1366 667 704 690 996 581 1005 639 577 1094